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Five published visual oddball paradigms are compared by stimulus design, timing, sample size, recording method, statistical test, habituation, and sampling. Parameter comparisons and individual study profiles use the same source table. Differences in response definitions and significance tests limit direct comparisons of responsive-neuron fractions across studies.
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| Publication | Attinger et al 2017 | Homann et al 2022 | Bastos et al 2023 | Knudstrup et al 2025 | Westerberg et al 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of stimulus | Drifting gratings coupled to movement | Superimposed Gabor patches in a sequence | Drifting gratings in a sequence | Static gratings in a sequence | Drifting gratings in a sequence |
| Type of oddball | Drifting gratings decoupled from movement | Final image in sequence replaced with novel image | Deviant grating in sequence of repeated gratings | Second grating in sequence replaced by deviant grating | Local: Final grating in sequence different from preceding ones Global: Final grating in sequence different from established sequence |
| Temporal parameters | Oddball: 15 sec at random | Sequence: 4 images, 250 or 300 ms ON Oddball: Every 6 seconds | Sequence: Repeated gratings, drifting at 2 cycles/sec., 500 ms ON, 1 sec OFF Oddball: 12.5% of gratings | Sequence: Repeated gratings, 75 ms to 2 sec ON, 0 or 1.5 sec OFF Oddball: Different frequencies and spacings tested | Sequence: 4 gratings, drifting at 4 cycles/sec., 500ms ON, 500 ms OFF, 4500 ms per sequence |
| Spatial parameters | Vertical, full screen gratings, 0.04 cycles/deg. | Each image: 100 superimposed Gabor patches, 10-20 deg. in size with random orientation and phase. | Full field gratings, 8 grating orientations, 0.08 cycles/deg. | 4 grating orientations, 0.5 cycles/deg. | Full screen gratings, 0.04 cycles/deg. |
| Species | Mouse | Mouse | Mouse | Mouse | Mouse and primate |
| Nb of subjects | 3-6 per group | 5 | 4-9 per group | 14 | 7-9 per group |
| Session duration | 3x 500s | 10min-1h | 6 min | 10 min | 2h |
| Nb of mismatches | 3x 33 | 100 per condition | 10 per condition | 450 standard, 50 deviant | 100 (global) |
| Recording technique | Two-photon | Two-photon | Two-photon | LFP | Neuropixels |
| % responsive neurons | 26-40% | 77% | 10% (PYR) | N/A | 50-62 % (local oddball), 3-9% (global oddball) |
| Test of significance | Mann-Whitney U test between average in response window vs. randomized window | Z-score significance test on change in response to novelty | Paired two-tailed t-test between control and oddball | Non-parametric test on a bootstrapped distribution | Cluster-based permutation test. against control |
| Habituation | 6 sessions, 2h/day | 0 sessions | 3 sessions | 0 sessions | 5 sessions |
| Nb of oddball repeats required | 33 | 100 | 10 | 50 | 144 |
| Oddball rate (0-1) | 0.07 | 0.1666666667 | 0.125 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Time per oddball repeated sequence (s) | 495 | 600 | 160 | 400 | 3600 |
| Total oddball time (s) | 495 | 600 | 1440 | 400 | 3600 |